What is menopause? Menopause is the permanent stopping of menstrual cycles due to reduced ovarian hormone production, confirmed after 12 months without a period (R). Types of menopause Menopause can occur for different reasons: Natural menopause: Occurs as a result of...
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
TL;DR: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-driven condition that causes esophageal inflammation and dysfunction, leading to dysphagia and other GI symptoms. Management includes medications (PPIs, corticosteroids, biologics) or diet therapy, most...
Copper
What is copper Copper is an essential trace mineral that acts as a cofactor for many enzymes (called cuproenzymes), helping them carry out chemical reactions, particularly those involving oxygen (R). In the body, copper exists in two oxidation states that influence...
Clinical Obesity
TL;DR: Clinical obesity is not defined by body size alone. It refers to excess body fat that is contributing to health risk, impaired function, or reduced quality of life. Although BMI and weight are still commonly used, current guidelines are moving toward a more...
Alpha-Gal Diet
TL;DR: The alpha-gal avoidance diet helps prevent allergic reactions in patients with alpha-gal syndrome by eliminating mammalian meat and, if needed, dairy and other mammal-derived ingredients. Highly sensitive individuals may also react to skin contact from cooking...
Mediterranean Diet
TLDR: The Mediterranean diet is often ranked as the “best diet” in popular culture, supported by evidence showing improvements in cardiovascular health. At the same time, it has limitations, including inconsistent definitions and a prominence shaped by...
Low-Glycemic Diet
What is the glycemic index? The glycemic index (GI) is a system that ranks carbohydrate-containing foods based on how much they raise blood sugar. Developed in the early 1980s by Dr. David Jenkins, it was originally intended to help identify foods that might...
Fiber
What is fiber? Fiber refers to carbohydrates and related compounds that cannot be digested or absorbed in the small intestine. This includes naturally occurring fibers in plant foods, as well as isolated or synthetic fibers that have demonstrated physiological...
Choline Cheat Sheet
Step 1: Risk Assessment Step 2: Intervention Decision Step 3: Intervention Step 4: Follow-up Signs That May Indicate Deficiency (Refer to Physician) Elevated ALT: Client reports high liver enzymes from recent labs Fatty liver diagnosis: Client has NAFLD/MASLD...
Choline
What is choline? Choline is a water-soluble organic compound that is not classified as a vitamin or mineral but is often grouped with the B vitamins due to their overlapping roles in metabolism (R). Scientists first identified choline in the mid-1800s from egg...